文章內容

Oracle SQL 語句中正則表達式的應用

發布時間: 2012/9/21 17:09:27

REGEXP_LIKE(匹配)
REGEXP_INSTR (包含)
REGEXP_REPLACE(替換)
REGEXP_SUBSTR(提取)

如手機號碼的表達式： ^[1]{1}[35]{1}[[:digit:]]{9}$
查詢客戶信息表(tKHXX)中有手機號碼(SJHM)的可以這樣查詢

1. SELECT * FORM tKHXX where REGEXP_LIKE(SJHM, '^[1]{1}[35]{1}[[:digit:]]{9}$' ) -

SELECT * FORM tKHXX where REGEXP_LIKE(SJHM, '^[1]{1}[35]{1}[[:digit:]]{9}$'
針對這個表達式解釋一下
^ 表示開始
$ 表示結束
[]內部為匹配范圍
{}里的內容表時個數

手機號碼的特點是以 1開頭接著是3或5再加9位的數字所以這么理解
1開頭表達式為 ^[1]{1} 意為開始1位里包含1
3或5 表達式為 [35]{1}
9位數字結束為: [[:digit:]]{9}$ 這里[:digit:]為特殊寫法，代表為數字再加個結束符$

用則表達式很簡單，更高效
下面列一些參考，來自網絡 :)

Anchoring Characters
^ Anchoring Characters
$ Anchor the expression to the end of a line

Equivalence Classes
= =
Oracle supports the equivalence classes through the POSIX '[==]' syntax. A base letter and all of its accented versions constitute an equivalence class. For example, the equivalence class '[=a=]' matches ?and ? The equivalence classes are valid only inside the bracketed expression
Match Options
c Case sensitive matching
i Case insensitive matching
m Treat source string as multi-line activating Anchor chars
n Allow the period (.) to match any newline character
Posix Characters

[:alnum:] Alphanumeric characters
[:alpha:] Alphabetic characters
[:blank:] Blank Space Characters
[:cntrl:] Control characters (nonprinting)
[:digit:] Numeric digits
[:graph:] Any [:punct:], [:upper:], [:lower:], and [:digit:] chars
[:lower:] Lowercase alphabetic characters
[:print:] Printable characters
[:punct:] Punctuation characters
[:space:] Space characters (nonprinting), such as carriage return, newline, vertical tab, and form feed
[:upper:] Uppercase alphabetic characters
[:xdigit:] Hexidecimal characters
Quantifier Characters

* Match 0 or more times
? Match 0 or 1 time
+ Match 1 or more times
{m} Match exactly m times
{m,} Match at least m times
{m, n} Match at least m times but no more than n times
\n Cause the previous expression to be repeated n times

Alternative Matching And Grouping Characters
| Separates alternates, often used with grouping operator ()
( ) Groups subexpression into a unit for alternations, for quantifiers, or for backreferencing (see "Backreferences" section)
[char] Indicates a character list; most metacharacters inside a character list are understood as literals, with the exception of character classes, and the ^ and - metacharacters

下面是個測試例子及環境
測試表
1. CREATE TABLE test (
2. testcol VARCHAR2(50));
3.
4. INSERT INTO test VALUES ('abcde');
5. INSERT INTO test VALUES ('12345');
6. INSERT INTO test VALUES ('1a4A5');
7. INSERT INTO test VALUES ('12a45');
8. INSERT INTO test VALUES ('12aBC');
9. INSERT INTO test VALUES ('12abc');
10. INSERT INTO test VALUES ('12ab5');
11. INSERT INTO test VALUES ('12aa5');
12. INSERT INTO test VALUES ('12AB5');
13. INSERT INTO test VALUES ('ABCDE');
14. INSERT INTO test VALUES ('123-5');
15. INSERT INTO test VALUES ('12.45');
16. INSERT INTO test VALUES ('1a4b5');
17. INSERT INTO test VALUES ('1 3 5');
18. INSERT INTO test VALUES ('1 45');
19. INSERT INTO test VALUES ('1   5');
20. INSERT INTO test VALUES ('a b c d');
21. INSERT INTO test VALUES ('a b c   d    e');
22. INSERT INTO test VALUES ('a              e');
23. INSERT INTO test VALUES ('Steven');
24. INSERT INTO test VALUES ('Stephen');
25. INSERT INTO test VALUES ('111.222.3333');
26. INSERT INTO test VALUES ('222.333.4444');
27. INSERT INTO test VALUES ('333.444.5555');
28. COMMIT;

CREATE TABLE test ( testcol VARCHAR2(50)); INSERT INTO test VALUES ('abcde'); INSERT INTO test VALUES ('12345'); INSERT INTO test VALUES ('1a4A5'); INSERT INTO test VALUES ('12a45'); INSERT INTO test VALUES ('12aBC'); INSERT INTO test VALUES ('12abc'); INSERT INTO test VALUES ('12ab5'); INSERT INTO test VALUES ('12aa5'); INSERT INTO test VALUES ('12AB5'); INSERT INTO test VALUES ('ABCDE'); INSERT INTO test VALUES ('123-5'); INSERT INTO test VALUES ('12.45'); INSERT INTO test VALUES ('1a4b5'); INSERT INTO test VALUES ('1 3 5'); INSERT INTO test VALUES ('1 45'); INSERT INTO test VALUES ('1 5'); INSERT INTO test VALUES ('a b c d'); INSERT INTO test VALUES ('a b c d e'); INSERT INTO test VALUES ('a e'); INSERT INTO test VALUES ('Steven'); INSERT INTO test VALUES ('Stephen'); INSERT INTO test VALUES ('111.222.3333'); INSERT INTO test VALUES ('222.333.4444'); INSERT INTO test VALUES ('333.444.5555'); COMMIT;
REGEXP_INSTR
REGEXP_INSTR(<source_string>, <pattern>, <start_position>, <occurrence>, <return_option>, <match_parameter>)

Find words beginning with 's' or 'r' or 'p' followed by any 4 alphabetic characters: case insensitive
1. SELECT REGEXP_INSTR('500 Oracle Pkwy, Redwood Shores, CA', '[o][[:alpha:]]{3}', 1, 1, 0, 'i') RESULT
2. FROM dual;
3.
4. SELECT REGEXP_INSTR('500 Oracle Pkwy, Redwood Shores, CA', '[o][[:alpha:]]{3}', 1, 1, 1, 'i') RESULT
5. FROM dual;
6.
7. SELECT REGEXP_INSTR('500 Oracle Pkwy, Redwood Shores, CA', '[o][[:alpha:]]{3}', 1, 2, 0, 'i') RESULT
8. FROM dual;
9.
10. SELECT REGEXP_INSTR('500 Oracle Pkwy, Redwood Shores, CA', '[o][[:alpha:]]{3}', 1, 2, 1, 'i') RESULT
11. FROM dual;

SELECT REGEXP_INSTR('500 Oracle Pkwy, Redwood Shores, CA', '[o][[:alpha:]]{3}', 1, 1, 0, 'i') RESULT FROM dual; SELECT REGEXP_INSTR('500 Oracle Pkwy, Redwood Shores, CA', '[o][[:alpha:]]{3}', 1, 1, 1, 'i') RESULT FROM dual; SELECT REGEXP_INSTR('500 Oracle Pkwy, Redwood Shores, CA', '[o][[:alpha:]]{3}', 1, 2, 0, 'i') RESULT FROM dual; SELECT REGEXP_INSTR('500 Oracle Pkwy, Redwood Shores, CA', '[o][[:alpha:]]{3}', 1, 2, 1, 'i') RESULT FROM dual;
Find the postiion of try, trying, tried or tries

1. SELECT REGEXP_INSTR('We are trying to make the subject easier.', 'tr(y(ing)?|(ied)|(ies))') RESULTNUM
2. FROM dual;

SELECT REGEXP_INSTR('We are trying to make the subject easier.', 'tr(y(ing)?|(ied)|(ies))') RESULTNUM FROM dual;
REGEXP_LIKE

REGEXP_LIKE(<source_string>, <pattern>, <match_parameter>)

AlphaNumeric Characters
1. SELECT *
2. FROM test
3. WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:alnum:]]');
4.
5. SELECT *
6. FROM test
7. WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:alnum:]]{3}');
8.
9. SELECT *
10. FROM test
11. WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:alnum:]]{5}');

SELECT * FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:alnum:]]'); SELECT * FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:alnum:]]{3}'); SELECT * FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:alnum:]]{5}');
Alphabetic Characters:
1. SELECT *
2. FROM test
3. WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:alpha:]]');
4.
5. SELECT *
6. FROM test
7. WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:alpha:]]{3}');
8.
9. SELECT *
10. FROM test
11. WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:alpha:]]{5}');

SELECT * FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:alpha:]]'); SELECT * FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:alpha:]]{3}'); SELECT * FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:alpha:]]{5}')
Control Characters
1. INSERT INTO test VALUES ('zyx' || CHR(13) || 'wvu');
2. COMMIT;
3.
4. SELECT *
5. FROM test
6. WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:cntrl:]]{1}');

INSERT INTO test VALUES ('zyx' || CHR(13) || 'wvu'); COMMIT; SELECT * FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:cntrl:]]{1}');
Digits
1. SELECT *
2. FROM test
3. WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:digit:]]');
4.
5. SELECT *
6. FROM test
7. WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:digit:]]{3}');
8.
9. SELECT *
10. FROM test
11. WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:digit:]]{5}');

SELECT * FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:digit:]]'); SELECT * FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:digit:]]{3}'); SELECT * FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:digit:]]{5}');
Lower Case
1. SELECT *
2. FROM test
3. WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:lower:]]');
4.
5. SELECT *
6. FROM test
7. WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:lower:]]{2}');
8.
9. SELECT *
10. FROM test
11. WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:lower:]]{3}');
12.
13. SELECT *
14. FROM test
15. WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:lower:]]{5}');

SELECT * FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:lower:]]'); SELECT * FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:lower:]]{2}'); SELECT * FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:lower:]]{3}'); SELECT * FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:lower:]]{5}');
Printable Characters
1. SELECT *
2. FROM test
3. WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:print:]]{5}');
4.
5. SELECT *
6. FROM test
7. WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:print:]]{6}');
8.
9. SELECT *
10. FROM test
11. WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:print:]]{7}');

SELECT * FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:print:]]{5}'); SELECT * FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:print:]]{6}'); SELECT * FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:print:]]{7}');
Punctuation
1. TRUNCATE TABLE test;
2.
3. SELECT *
4. FROM test
5. WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:punct:]]');

TRUNCATE TABLE test; SELECT * FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:punct:]]');
Spaces
1. SELECT *
2. FROM test
3. WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:space:]]');
4.
5. SELECT *
6. FROM test
7. WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:space:]]{2}');
8.
9. SELECT *
10. FROM test
11. WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:space:]]{3}');
12.
13. SELECT *
14. FROM test
15. WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:space:]]{5}');

SELECT * FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:space:]]'); SELECT * FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:space:]]{2}'); SELECT * FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:space:]]{3}'); SELECT * FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:space:]]{5}')
Upper Case
1. SELECT *
2. FROM test
3. WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:upper:]]');
4.
5. SELECT *
6. FROM test
7. WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:upper:]]{2}');
8.
9. SELECT *
10. FROM test
11. WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:upper:]]{3}');

SELECT * FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:upper:]]'); SELECT * FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:upper:]]{2}'); SELECT * FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '[[:upper:]]{3}');
Values Starting with 'a%b'

1. SELECT testcol
2. FROM test
3. WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '^ab*');

SELECT testcol FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '^ab*');
'a' is the third value

1. SELECT testcol
2. ROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '^..a.');

SELECT testcol FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '^..a.');
Contains two consecutive occurances of the letter 'a' or 'z'

1. SELECT testcol FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '([az])\1', 'i');

SELECT testcol FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '([az])\1', 'i')
Begins with 'Ste' ends with 'en' and contains either 'v' or 'ph' in the center

1. SELECT testcol FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '^Ste(v|ph)en$');

SELECT testcol FROM test WHERE REGEXP_LIKE(testcol, '^Ste(v|ph)en$');

Use a regular expression in a check constraint

1. CREATE TABLE mytest (c1 VARCHAR2(20),
2. CHECK (REGEXP_LIKE(c1, '^[[:alpha:]]+$')));
3. Identify SSN
4.
5. Thanks: Byron Bush HIOUG
6.
7.
8. CREATE TABLE ssn_test (
9. ssn_col VARCHAR2(20));
10.
11. INSERT INTO ssn_test VALUES ('111-22-3333');
12. INSERT INTO ssn_test VALUES ('111=22-3333');
13. INSERT INTO ssn_test VALUES ('111-A2-3333');
14. INSERT INTO ssn_test VALUES ('111-22-33339');
15. INSERT INTO ssn_test VALUES ('111-2-23333');
16. INSERT INTO ssn_test VALUES ('987-65-4321');
17. COMMIT;
18.
19. SELECT ssn_col
20. from ssn_test
21. WHERE regexp_like(ssn_col,'^[0-9]{3}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{4}$');

CREATE TABLE mytest (c1 VARCHAR2(20), CHECK (REGEXP_LIKE(c1, '^[[:alpha:]]+$'))); Identify SSN Thanks: Byron Bush HIOUG CREATE TABLE ssn_test ( ssn_col VARCHAR2(20)); INSERT INTO ssn_test VALUES ('111-22-3333'); INSERT INTO ssn_test VALUES ('111=22-3333'); INSERT INTO ssn_test VALUES ('111-A2-3333'); INSERT INTO ssn_test VALUES ('111-22-33339'); INSERT INTO ssn_test VALUES ('111-2-23333'); INSERT INTO ssn_test VALUES ('987-65-4321'); COMMIT; SELECT ssn_col from ssn_test WHERE regexp_like(ssn_col,'^[0-9]{3}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{4}$'
REGEXP_REPLACE

Syntax REGEXP_REPLACE(<source_string>, <pattern>,<replace_string>, <position>, <occurrence>, <match_parameter>)

Looks for the pattern xxx.xxx.xxxx and reformats pattern to (xxx) xxx-xxxx col testcol format a15
col result format a15

1. SELECT testcol, REGEXP_REPLACE(testcol,'([[:digit:]]{3})\.([[:digit:]]{3})\.([[:digit:]]{4})',
2. '(\1) \2-\3') RESULT
3. FROM test
4. WHERE LENGTH(testcol) = 12;

SELECT testcol, REGEXP_REPLACE(testcol,'([[:digit:]]{3})\.([[:digit:]]{3})\.([[:digit:]]{4})', '(\1) \2-\3') RESULT FROM test WHERE LENGTH(testcol) = 12;
Put a space after every character

1. SELECT testcol, REGEXP_REPLACE(testcol, '(.)', '\1 ') RESULT
2. FROM test WHERE testcol like 'S%';

SELECT testcol, REGEXP_REPLACE(testcol, '(.)', '\1 ') RESULT FROM test WHERE testcol like 'S%';
Replace multiple spaces with a single space

1. SELECT REGEXP_REPLACE('500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA', '( ){2,}', ' ') RESULT
2. FROM dual;

SELECT REGEXP_REPLACE('500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA', '( ){2,}', ' ') RESULT FROM dual
Insert a space between a lower case character followed by an upper case character

1. SELECT REGEXP_REPLACE('George McGovern', '([[:lower:]])([[:upper:]])', '\1 \2') CITY
2. FROM dual;

SELECT REGEXP_REPLACE('George McGovern', '([[:lower:]])([[:upper:]])', '\1 \2') CITY FROM dual;
Replace the period with a string (note use of '\')

1. SELECT REGEXP_REPLACE('We are trying to make the subject easier.','\.',' for you.') REGEXT_SAMPLE
2. FROM dual;

SELECT REGEXP_REPLACE('We are trying to make the subject easier.','\.',' for you.') REGEXT_SAMPLE FROM dual;

REGEXP_SUBSTR

Syntax REGEXP_SUBSTR(source_string, pattern[, position [, occurrence[, match_parameter]]])

Searches for a comma followed by one or more occurrences of non-comma characters followed by a comma

1. SELECT REGEXP_SUBSTR('500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA', ',[^,]+,') RESULT
2. FROM dual;

SELECT REGEXP_SUBSTR('500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA', ',[^,]+,') RESULT FROM dual;

Look for http:// followed by a substring of one or more alphanumeric characters and optionally, a period (.) col result format a50

1. SELECT REGEXP_SUBSTR('Go to http://www.Oracle.com/products and click on database',
2. 'http://([[:alnum:]]+\.?){3,4}/?') RESULT
3. FROM dual;

SELECT REGEXP_SUBSTR('Go to http://www.Oracle.com/products and click on database', 'http://([[:alnum:]]+\.?){3,4}/?') RESULT FROM dual;

Extracts try, trying, tried or tries

SELECT REGEXP_SUBSTR('We are trying to make the subject easier.','tr(y(ing)?|(ied)|(ies))')
FROM dual;
Extract the 3rd field treating ':' as a delimiter SELECT REGEXP_SUBSTR('system/pwd@orabase:1521:sidval',
'[^:]+', 1, 3) RESULT
FROM dual;

Extract from string with vertical bar delimiter
1. CREATE TABLE regexp (
2. testcol VARCHAR2(50));
3.
4. INSERT INTO regexp
5. (testcol)
6. VALUES
7. ('One|Two|Three|Four|Five');
8.
9. SELECT * FROM regexp;
10.
11. SELECT REGEXP_SUBSTR(testcol,'[^|]+', 1, 3)
12. FROM regexp;

Equivalence classes
1. SELECT REGEXP_SUBSTR('iSelfSchooling NOT ISelfSchooling', '[[=i=]]SelfSchooling') RESULT
2. FROM dual;

SELECT REGEXP_SUBSTR('iSelfSchooling NOT ISelfSchooling', '[[=i=]]SelfSchooling') RESULT FROM dual;

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